ANALISIS KETERKAITAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM PRAKTIK EUTHANASIA PASIF: STUDI KASUS DI NEGARA YANG MELARANG (INDONESIA) DAN MELEGALKAN (BELGIA)
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Abstract
Human rights are basic rights that are inherent in every individual from birth, regardless of race, religion, nationality, or social status. In this context, the right to life is one of the most fundamental and universally recognized rights. However, the development of medical technology and contemporary social dynamics have given rise to new debates about the interpretation of the right to life, especially when faced with the practice of passive euthanasia, i.e. the termination of medical procedures on terminally ill patients. This study aims to analyze the comparison of euthanasia practices in relation to human rights in Indonesia and Belgium. Indonesia is guided by the principle of the sanctity of life which is contrary to the practice of passive euthanasia. Meanwhile, in Belgium, euthanasia regulations are more systematic. This study uses normative legal research methods with a comparative approach. The results of the study show that the legal policies of euthanasia in Indonesia and Belgium have striking differences, especially in terms of regulation and legal protection. Belgium already has a comprehensive legal system and clear oversight mechanisms, which provide certainty and protection for medical personnel and patients alike. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, there is no explicit regulation regarding passive euthanasia, thus causing legal, ethical, and social dilemmas in its implementation. The researcher recommends the importance of cross-sectoral discourse in Indonesia to formulate policies or ethical guidelines that consider human rights values, religious norms, and local socio-cultural contexts in a balanced and responsible manner.
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Widyaningsih, E. D., Lesmana, S., & Indayatun, R. (1). ANALISIS KETERKAITAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM PRAKTIK EUTHANASIA PASIF: STUDI KASUS DI NEGARA YANG MELARANG (INDONESIA) DAN MELEGALKAN (BELGIA). SOSCIED, 8(2), 514-526. https://doi.org/10.32531/jsoscied.v8i2.979
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
LPPM Politeknik Katolik Saint Paul Sorong
References
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Bennell, K., & Abbott, J. H. (2014). Euthanasia for Minors in Belgium. JAMA, 312(12), 1258–1259. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.9132
Raus, K., Vanderhaegen, B., & Sterckx, S. (2021). Euthanasia in Belgium: Shortcomings of the Law and Its Application and of the Monitoring of Practice. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 46(1), 80–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa031
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Poluan, S., Sepang, M., & Bawole, H. Y. A. (2021). Pemberlakuan Tindak Pidana Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan Apabila Melakukan Kelalaian Terhadap Penerima Pelayanan Kesehatan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan. Lex Crimen, 10(3), 38–48
Archer, M., Willmott, L., Chambaere, K., Deliens, L., & White, B. P. (2025). Key challenges in providing assisted dying in Belgium: a qualitative analysis of health professionals’ experiences. Palliative Care & Social Practice Original, 19, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/26323524251318044
Berkhemer, O. A., Majoie, C. B. L. M., & Dippel, D. W. J. (2015). Recent Trends in Euthanasia and Other End-of-Life Practices in Belgium. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 1179–1181. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1501204
Purwanto, A. (2025). Informed Counsent Sebagai Persetujuan Perjanjian Teraupetik. Unes Law Review, 7(3), 1244–1260. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v7i3.2417
Atriani, D., & Yulianto, A. Y. (2023). Kekuatan Hukum Informed Consent Dalam Praktek Euthanasia di Indonesia. Risalah Hukum, 20(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v19i2.1307
Soraya, J., Setya, D., Yuherawan, B., & Refangga, G. S. (2024). Implikasi Hukum Pidana dan Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Praktik Euthanasia di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual: Harmonisasi Hukum Pidana Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 463–480.
Anjarwati, N., Lesmana, S. J., & Lestari, T. A. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Jalanan di Kabupaten Tangerang. Jurnal Crepido, 05(02), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.5.2.161-173
Shatri, H., Faisal, E., Putranto, R., & Sampurna, B. (2020). Advanced Directives in Palliative. 2020, 7(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v7i2.315
Lesmana, S. J., Lesmana, R. A., Indayatun, R., & Mofea, S. (2025). Evaluating Surveillance Measures at Airports in Responding to Airline Negligence and Lost Baggage. Media of Law and Sharia, 6(3), 228–247. https://doi.org/10.18196/mls.v6i3.368
Wels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2025). Incidence and Prevalence of Reported Euthanasia Cases in Belgium, 2002 to 2023. JAMA Netw Open, 8(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.6841
Saputra, A. T. D., & Alam, K. (2022). Praktik Eutanasia Dalam Perspektif Medis dan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Yustitia, 8(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.31943/yustitia.v8i2.161
Suryadi, T., & Kulsum. (2018). Aspek Etika dan Legal Euthanasia. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 18(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v18i3.18022
Verhofstadt, M., Moureau, L., Pardon, K., & Liégeois, A. (2024). Ethical perspectives regarding Euthanasia , including in the context of adult psychiatry: a qualitative interview study among healthcare workers in Belgium. BMC Medical Education, 25(60), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-024-01063-7
Tiessa, A. N., Lesmana, S. J., & Indayatun, R. (2025). Analisis Efektivitas Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) Dalam Sistem Penegakan Hukum di Kabupaten Tangerang. SOSCIED: Journal Social, Science, and Education, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32531/jsoscied.v8i1.829
Lesmana, S. J., Latuconsina, H., Suseno, A., Yumna, A. A., & Herawati, C. A. (2024). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Teknologi Pengelolaan Sampah Menggunakan Rocket Eco Stove Incinerator (REST-I) di Kelurahan. Solma, 13(3), 2789–2799. https://doi.org/10.22236/solma.v13i3.16389
Maharani, F. D. P., & Hidayah, A. N. (2024). Studi Komparatif Legalitas Tindakan Euthanasia Bagi Pasien Dengan Penyakit Kronis di Indonesia dan Norwegia. Collegium Studiosum Journal, 7(2), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.56301/csj.v7i2.1423
BBC Team. (2020, January 31). Belgium euthanasia: Three doctors cleared in landmark trial. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51322781
Lesmana, S. J. (2024). Sosiologi Hukum Indonesia.
Safrima, I. A., Chaniatuttazkiya, A., Zahwa, S. S. Al, & Sandaga, N. (2024). Euthanasia Dipandang Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia (KODEKI). Ikhlas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 1(4), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.61132/ikhlas.v1i4.153
Soewondo, S. S., Parawansa, S. S. R., & Amri, U. (2023). Konsep Euthanasia di Berbagai Negara dan Pembaruannya di Indonesia. Media Iuris, 6(2), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i2.43841
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vermeersch, E. (2016). The Belgian Law on Euthanasia The Historical and Ethical Background. Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 102, 394–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2002.11679341
Maharani, E. (2018, February 18). Aturan Euthanasia di Belgia Picu Kontroversi. Republika. Retrieved from https://internasional.republika.co.id/berita/p4bxe5335/aturan-euthanasia-di-belgia-picu-kontroversi
Kusuma, A. N., & Khoiroh, W. A. (2024). Euthanasia dalam Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Perspektif KUHP Lama dan KUHP Baru (Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023). Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 2(4), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14209512
Lesmana, S. J. (2025). Etika Profesi.
Sperling, D. (2022). Travelling to die?: views , attitudes and end ? of ? life preferences of Israelis considering receiving aid ? in ? dying in Switzerland. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00785-w
Sudrajat, H., Shadiq, T. F., & Lesmana, S. J. (2023). State Protection in Intellectual Property Products Research Method. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum, 22(2), 318–329. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v22i2.3209
Huda, H., Ismansyah, & Elda, E. (2024). Euthanasia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Unes Law Review, 6(4), 10674–10686. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4
Punia, I. G. E. A. A. (2024). Euthanasia Ditinjau dari Aspek Medis, Bioetik, dan Hukum. Jurnal Hukum Dan Etika Kesehatan, 4(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v4i1.135
Gusman, D., & Sofyan, Y. (2021). Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Depok: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Ramadhan, D. A., Gracia, & Matheus, J. (2022). Implementasi Konsep Euthanasia: Supremasi Hak Asasi Manusia dan Progresivitas Hukum di Indonesia; Implementation of the Euthanasia Concept: Human Rights Supremacy and Legal Progressivity in Indonesia. Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal, 2(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipmhi.v2i1.53730
Wittrock, J. (2025). A human right to assisted dying? Autonomy, dignity, and exceptions to the right to life. Nursing Ethics, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330251328655
Lesmana, S. J. (2019). Kajian Yuridis Atas Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Terhadap Jabatan Notaris Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 di Kota Tangerang. Supremasi Hukum, 15(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v15i1.244
Warjiyati, S. (2020). Implementasi Euthanasia Dalam Perspektif Ulama dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Al-Jinayah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam, 6(1), 257–284. https://doi.org/10.15642/aj.2020.6.1.257-284
Prihatin, E., & Anggriawan, F. (2023). Konflik Norma Penolakan Euthanasia di Indonesia. Bhirawa Law Journal, 4(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.26905/blj.v4i1.10307
Azizah, N. A., Rosyidah, M., Badrussholeh, B., & Huri, D. (2021). Hukum Euthanasia menurut Hukum Islam dan Hukum Indonesia. Komparatif: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum Dan Pemikiran Islam, 1(2), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.15642/komparatif.v1i2.1926
Rompegading, A. M., & Putra, B. P. (2023). Eutanasia: Tinjauan Medis, Bioetik, Humaniora dan Profesionalisme. Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem, 23(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.35965/eco.v23i1.2506
Rarung, O. K., Tomuka, D., & Siwu, J. F. (2024). Eutanasia Ditinjau dari Etika Kedokteran di Indonesia. Medical Scope Journal, 6(2), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v6i2.53532
Widiarty, W. S. (2024). Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian Hukum. Yogyakarta: Publika Global Media.
Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.
Shodiq, M. (2023). Perbandingan Sistem Hukum. Solok: PT Mafy Media Literasi Indonesia.
Saad, T. (2017). Euthanasia in Belgium: Legal, historical, and political review. Issues in Law & Medicine, 32(2), 183–204.
Dierickx, S., Deliens, L., Cohen, J., & Chambaere, K. (2016). Euthanasia in Belgium: trends in reported cases between 2003 and 2013. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 188(16), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160202/-/DC1
Service Public Federal. (2021). Commission fédérale de Contrôle et d’ Évaluation de l’ Euthanasie Dixième rapport aux Chambres législatives Table des matières.
Chambaere, K., Bilsen, J., Cohen, J., Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D., Mortier, F., & Deliens, L. (2011). Trends in Medical End-of-Life Decision Making in Flanders, Belgium 1998–2001–2007. Medical Decision Making, 31(3), 500–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X10392379
Bennell, K., & Abbott, J. H. (2014). Euthanasia for Minors in Belgium. JAMA, 312(12), 1258–1259. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.9132
Raus, K., Vanderhaegen, B., & Sterckx, S. (2021). Euthanasia in Belgium: Shortcomings of the Law and Its Application and of the Monitoring of Practice. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 46(1), 80–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa031
Federal Commission for the Control and Evaluation of Euthanasia. (2025). Press Release: report euthanasia 2024 - figures for years 2022-2023.
Poluan, S., Sepang, M., & Bawole, H. Y. A. (2021). Pemberlakuan Tindak Pidana Bagi Tenaga Kesehatan Apabila Melakukan Kelalaian Terhadap Penerima Pelayanan Kesehatan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2014 Tentang Tenaga Kesehatan. Lex Crimen, 10(3), 38–48
Archer, M., Willmott, L., Chambaere, K., Deliens, L., & White, B. P. (2025). Key challenges in providing assisted dying in Belgium: a qualitative analysis of health professionals’ experiences. Palliative Care & Social Practice Original, 19, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/26323524251318044
Berkhemer, O. A., Majoie, C. B. L. M., & Dippel, D. W. J. (2015). Recent Trends in Euthanasia and Other End-of-Life Practices in Belgium. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 1179–1181. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1501204
Purwanto, A. (2025). Informed Counsent Sebagai Persetujuan Perjanjian Teraupetik. Unes Law Review, 7(3), 1244–1260. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v7i3.2417
Atriani, D., & Yulianto, A. Y. (2023). Kekuatan Hukum Informed Consent Dalam Praktek Euthanasia di Indonesia. Risalah Hukum, 20(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v19i2.1307
Soraya, J., Setya, D., Yuherawan, B., & Refangga, G. S. (2024). Implikasi Hukum Pidana dan Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Praktik Euthanasia di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual: Harmonisasi Hukum Pidana Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 463–480.
Anjarwati, N., Lesmana, S. J., & Lestari, T. A. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Jalanan di Kabupaten Tangerang. Jurnal Crepido, 05(02), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.14710/crepido.5.2.161-173
Shatri, H., Faisal, E., Putranto, R., & Sampurna, B. (2020). Advanced Directives in Palliative. 2020, 7(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.7454/jpdi.v7i2.315
Lesmana, S. J., Lesmana, R. A., Indayatun, R., & Mofea, S. (2025). Evaluating Surveillance Measures at Airports in Responding to Airline Negligence and Lost Baggage. Media of Law and Sharia, 6(3), 228–247. https://doi.org/10.18196/mls.v6i3.368
Wels, J., & Hamarat, N. (2025). Incidence and Prevalence of Reported Euthanasia Cases in Belgium, 2002 to 2023. JAMA Netw Open, 8(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.6841
Saputra, A. T. D., & Alam, K. (2022). Praktik Eutanasia Dalam Perspektif Medis dan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Yustitia, 8(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.31943/yustitia.v8i2.161
Suryadi, T., & Kulsum. (2018). Aspek Etika dan Legal Euthanasia. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 18(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v18i3.18022
Verhofstadt, M., Moureau, L., Pardon, K., & Liégeois, A. (2024). Ethical perspectives regarding Euthanasia , including in the context of adult psychiatry: a qualitative interview study among healthcare workers in Belgium. BMC Medical Education, 25(60), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-024-01063-7
Tiessa, A. N., Lesmana, S. J., & Indayatun, R. (2025). Analisis Efektivitas Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) Dalam Sistem Penegakan Hukum di Kabupaten Tangerang. SOSCIED: Journal Social, Science, and Education, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32531/jsoscied.v8i1.829
Lesmana, S. J., Latuconsina, H., Suseno, A., Yumna, A. A., & Herawati, C. A. (2024). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Teknologi Pengelolaan Sampah Menggunakan Rocket Eco Stove Incinerator (REST-I) di Kelurahan. Solma, 13(3), 2789–2799. https://doi.org/10.22236/solma.v13i3.16389
Maharani, F. D. P., & Hidayah, A. N. (2024). Studi Komparatif Legalitas Tindakan Euthanasia Bagi Pasien Dengan Penyakit Kronis di Indonesia dan Norwegia. Collegium Studiosum Journal, 7(2), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.56301/csj.v7i2.1423
BBC Team. (2020, January 31). Belgium euthanasia: Three doctors cleared in landmark trial. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51322781
Lesmana, S. J. (2024). Sosiologi Hukum Indonesia.
Safrima, I. A., Chaniatuttazkiya, A., Zahwa, S. S. Al, & Sandaga, N. (2024). Euthanasia Dipandang Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia (KODEKI). Ikhlas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 1(4), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.61132/ikhlas.v1i4.153
Soewondo, S. S., Parawansa, S. S. R., & Amri, U. (2023). Konsep Euthanasia di Berbagai Negara dan Pembaruannya di Indonesia. Media Iuris, 6(2), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i2.43841
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vermeersch, E. (2016). The Belgian Law on Euthanasia The Historical and Ethical Background. Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 102, 394–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2002.11679341
Maharani, E. (2018, February 18). Aturan Euthanasia di Belgia Picu Kontroversi. Republika. Retrieved from https://internasional.republika.co.id/berita/p4bxe5335/aturan-euthanasia-di-belgia-picu-kontroversi
Kusuma, A. N., & Khoiroh, W. A. (2024). Euthanasia dalam Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Perspektif KUHP Lama dan KUHP Baru (Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023). Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 2(4), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14209512
Lesmana, S. J. (2025). Etika Profesi.
Sperling, D. (2022). Travelling to die?: views , attitudes and end ? of ? life preferences of Israelis considering receiving aid ? in ? dying in Switzerland. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00785-w